A .eth name moves through four stages: available to register, registered, grace period and Price Cooldown, then available again. Each stage decides what the owner, and anyone else, can do with it.

Anyone can register an available name at the normal yearly price: $640 for 3 characters, $160 for 4, $8 for 5 or more. See Pricing, fees and multi-year discounts.

The name is owned until its expiry date. The owner controls its records and subnames and can transfer it. Anyone can renew it at any time: the time added goes onto the current expiry date, so renewing early wastes nothing. See Renew a name and Keep track of your names' expiry dates.

When the name expires, a grace period starts: 28 days for an ENSv2 name, 90 for a name still on ENSv1. Nobody else can register the name, and anyone can renew it at the normal price, which brings it straight back to its owner. See Expiry & grace period.

If nobody renews it in grace, anyone can register the name for the normal price plus an extra fee. The fee starts at $100 million and falls to $0 over 21 days. The previous owner has no priority. After that, the name is available again. See Price Cooldown.

Yes, at any point until its grace period ends. Renewing never changes who owns the name.

No. Once the grace period ends, the name has to be registered again, and the previous owner has no priority over anyone else.